/*! HTML5 Boilerplate v4.3.0 | MIT License | http://h5bp.com/ */


html {
    background: white;
    height: 100%; /* for home page vertical centring; seems to be harmless otherwise */
}

::-moz-selection {
    background: rgb(193,193,193);
    text-shadow: none;
}

::selection {
    background: rgb(193,193,193);
    text-shadow: none;
}

body {
	margin: 0;
    padding: 2em 8%;
    font: 1.6em/1.5  'Source Sans Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; /* em to dodge Chrome REM bug; font size set to 10px in normalise.min.css */
    background: white;
	text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
	font-feature-settings: "kern";
	-webkit-font-feature-settings: "kern";
	-moz-font-feature-settings: "kern";
	-moz-font-feature-settings: "kern=1";
}

a {
	-webkit-transition: border 0.3s, color 0.3s;
	transition: border 0.3s, color 0.3s;
}

a:link {
	color: rgb(192,0,0);
	text-decoration: none;

background: -moz-linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.5 ) 50%);
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(50%, rgba(0,0,0,0)), color-stop(50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.5)));
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.5) 50%);
background: -o-linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.5) 50%);
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.5) 50%); /* Medium Safari */

background-repeat: repeat-x;
background-position: 0 1.07em;
background-size: 2px 2px;

}

.lt-ie10 a:link,
.lt-ie9 a:link {
	text-decoration: underline; /* underlines for IE < 9; don’t support gradients, size bg images erratically on zoom */
}

@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: active), (-ms-high-contrast: none) {  

a:link {
	background: none;
	text-decoration: underline; /* underlines for IE10; sizes bg gradients erratically on zoom */
}

}

a:visited {
	color: #000;
}

a:hover {
	color: #f00;
}

blockquote {
	font-size: 20px;
	font-size: 2.0rem;
	font-style: italic;
}

article blockquote p {
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

blockquote cite {
	font-size: 16px;
	font-size: 1.6rem;
	font-style: normal;
	display: block;
	margin-top: -0.5em;
}

blockquote + blockquote {
	margin-top: 2em;
}

code,
samp,
kbd,
var,
pre {
	font-family: 'Source Code Pro', Monaco, Consolas, 'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', monospace;
	font-size: 12px;
	font-size: 1.2rem;
	font-weight: 600;
}

strong code,
strong samp,
strong kbd,
strong var,
code strong,
samp strong,
kbd strong,
var strong  {
	font-weight: 900;
}


/* ==============
    MOBILE: header
   ============== */

header h1 {
	font-family: 'Exo Slab Pro', Verdana, 'Arial Black', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 700;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1;
	margin: 0;
}

header p {
	margin: 0 0 1em 0;
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 18px;
	font-size: 1.8rem;
	line-height: 1.2;
	letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

header ul {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	font-size: 18px;
	font-size: 1.8rem;
	line-height: 1.2;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

header li {
	display: inline-block;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	list-style: none;
	width: auto;
}

header li:first-child:after {
	margin: 0 -0.05em 0 0.1em;
	content: "•";
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Arial, 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	line-height: 0.5;
	vertical-align: -1px;
	vertical-align: -0.1rem;
	color: #f00;
}

header h1 a:link, 
header h1 a:visited {
	color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 700;
    background: none;
}

.lt-ie10 h1 a:link,
.lt-ie9 h1 a:link {
    text-decoration: none;
}

header li a:link, 
header li a:visited {
	color: rgb(0,0,0);
    text-decoration: none;
	font-weight: 300;
	letter-spacing: 0.0em;
    background: none;
}

.lt-ie10 header li a:link,
.lt-ie9 header li a:link {
    text-decoration: none;
}


header h1 a:hover,
header li a:hover {
	color: #f00;
}

.home header h1 a:hover {
	color: #000;
	cursor: default;
}

/* ==============
    MOBILE: Menu
   ============== */

.main-nav {
	width: 100%;
	display: table;
	caption-side: top;
	clear: both;
	margin: 2em 0 0 0;
	padding: 0 0;
}

.main-nav ul {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 1em 0 0 0;
	border-top: 1px solid rgb(204,204,204);
	font-size: 16px;
    font-size: 1.6rem;
}

.main-nav li {
	position: relative; /* positioning context for animated bullets */
	float: left; /* use float instead of inline-block so whitespace from HTML doesn’t display */
	margin: 0 1.75em 0 0;
	padding: 0;
	white-space: nowrap;
	min-width: 2.1em; /* FF collapses element to width of CV otherwise */
	line-height: 1;
	height: 1em;
}

.main-nav .subnav {
	display: table-caption;
	padding: 0 0 0.5em 0;
	border: 0 none;
}

.main-nav .subnav li {
	padding-right: 4%;
	width: 1em; /* prevents IE from collapsing padding on short items */
	margin: 0 0 0.5em 0;
	width: 46%;
	float: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

.main-nav .download span {
	position: absolute;
	top: -9999px;
	left: -9999px;
}

.main-nav a:link,
.main-nav a:visited {
	font-family: 'Exo Slab Pro', Verdana, 'Arial Black', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #000;
    font-weight: 700;
    background: none;
}

.lt-ie10 .main-nav a:link,
.lt-ie9 .main-nav a:link {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.main-nav .subnav a:link,
.main-nav .subnav a:visited {
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 400;
}

/* force download links to new line */
.main-nav a:after {
	content: " ";
	display: block;
	width: 0px;
	height: 5px; /* baseline align download links with contact links in header */
	font-size: 0px;
	line-height: 0px;
}

/* don’t force line breaks after download & subnav links */
.main-nav a.download:after,
.main-nav .subnav a:after {
	display: none;
}

.main-nav .subnav a:visited {
	color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.main-nav a:before,
.main-nav a:visited:before,
.series a:before,
.series a:visited:before {
	content: "•";
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Arial, 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, sans-serif;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0);  
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 0px;
	font-size: 0rem;
	line-height: 0.5; /* somehow normalises vertical alignment in IE; don’t know, don’t care */
	position: absolute;
	top: 7px;
	top: 0.7rem;
	left: -8px;
	left: -0.8rem;
	transition: 0.15s ease-in-out;
	transition-property: font-size, color, top, left;
	-webkit-transition: 0.15s ease-in-out;
	-webkit-transition-property: font-size, color, top, left;
}

/* bullet on hover or if is current page/section */
.main-nav a.active:before,
.main-nav a:hover:before,
.series a.active:before,
.series a:hover:before {
	top: 0;
	top: 0;
	left: -12px;
	left: -1.2rem;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
    color: rgba(255,0,0,1);  
}

/* remove bullets from subnav */
.main-nav .subnav a:before,
.main-nav .subnav a:visited:before,
.main-nav .subnav a:hover:before,
.main-nav .subnav .active:before {
	content: "";
	display: none;
}

/* current page indicator for subnav */
.main-nav .subnav a.active,
.main-nav .subnav a.active:visited {
	color: rgb(150,0,0);
}

.main-nav a.download,
.main-nav a.download:visited {
	display: inline;
	position: relative; /* z-index jiggery-pokery to keep the icon below the link so the link stays clickable */
	z-index: 10;
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
	font-size: 12px;
	font-size: 1.2rem;
	font-weight: 400;
	color: rgb(136,136,136);
	padding-left: 12px;
	padding-left: 1.4rem; /* defines position of left edge of icon */
}

.main-nav a.download + .download-icon,
.main-nav a.download:visited + .download-icon {
	position: relative;
	z-index: 1;
	height: 9px;
	height: 0.9rem;
	width: 9px;
	width: 0.9rem;
	fill: rgb(156,156,156);
	margin-left: -2.0em; /* pulls icon away from text label */
	transition: fill 0.3s;
	-webkit-transition: fill 0.3s;
	}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none) {
	.main-nav a.download,
	.main-nav a.download:visited { transition-property: none } /* IE10+ doesn't support transitions on SVG */
 }

header ul a:hover,
.main-nav .subnav a:hover,
.main-nav a.download:hover{
    color: #f00;
}

.main-nav a.download:hover + .download-icon {
    fill: #f00;
}

/* have to override the current page bullet for download links */
.main-nav a.download:before,
.main-nav a.download:visited:before,
.main-nav a.download:hover:before {
		content: "";
		display: none;
}


/* ==============
    MOBILE: Main
   ============== */

article, main {
	margin: 2.33em 0 0 0;
	clear: both;
}

.cv article {
	margin-bottom: 4em;
}

article>h1, 
.portfolio main h1 {
	margin: 0 0 1em 0;
	font-family: 'Exo Slab Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-size: 48px;
    font-size: 4.8rem;
    line-height: 1.18;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
    color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.portfolio main h1 {
 	margin-bottom: 0;
}

article p, article li {
	margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}

article section h1,
.posts h2 {
	margin: 2.5em 0 0.33em 0;
	font-family: 'Exo Slab Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	line-height: 1.25;
	text-align: left;
	color: #000;
	font-weight: 400;
}
.posts h2 { /* remove bottom margin so date isn’t too far from title */
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

.cv article ul, .cv article ol {
	margin: 1em 0 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.cv article ul li, .cv article ol li {
	position: relative;
	list-style-type: none;
}

.cv article ul li:before {
	content: "•";
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Arial, 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 600;
	position: absolute;
	top: -0.1em;
	left: -0.6em;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	line-height: 1;
	color: #f00;
}

section h2 {
	margin: 1em 0 0 0;
	font-size: 16px;
	font-size: 1.6rem;
	font-weight: 400;
}

section strong span {
	vertical-align: -0.06em;
	line-height: 0.5;
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Arial, 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	color: #f00;
}

footer {
	clear: both;
	margin: 0;
    padding: 2em 0 0;
    color: rgb(128,128,128);
    text-align: center;
}

footer p {
    font-size: 9px;
}

/* =========================
    MOBILE: portfolio home
   ====================== */

.nda {
	margin-top: 1em;
    color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.portfolio main ul {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.portfolio main li {
	display: block;
	margin: 3em 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.portfolio main h2 {
	margin: 0;
	clear: right;
	font-family: 'Exo Slab Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	line-height: 1.2;
	font-weight: 400;
}

.portfolio h2 a:link {
	color: #000;
    background: none;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.lt-ie10 .portfolio h2 a:link,
.lt-ie9 .portfolio h2 a:link {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.portfolio h2 a:visited {
	color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.portfolio main a:link,
.portfolio main a:visited {
	display: block;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.lt-ie10 .portfolio main a:link,
.lt-ie9 .portfolio main a:link {
	text-decoration: none;
}

.portfolio main a img {
	display: block;
	margin: 1em 0;
	width: 75%;
}

.portfolio main p {
	margin: 0;
}

.portfolio main a:hover,
.portfolio main a:active {
	color: #f00;
}

/* =======================
    MOBILE: illustrations
   ===================== */

figure {
	margin: 2em 0;
}

figure.right {
	float: right;
	width: 33%;
	margin: 0.4em 0 1em 1em;
}

figure.left {
	float: left;
	width: 33%;
	margin: 0.4em 1em 1em 0;
}

figure>a {
	display: block;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}

figcaption {
	font-weight: 700;
	text-align: right;
}

figure a:link {
	color: #000;
    background: none;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.lt-ie10 figure a:link,
.lt-ie9 figure a:link {
    text-decoration: none; /* keep this separate to avoid messing with the change-caption-color-when-hovering-over-image effect */
}

figure:hover figcaption:hover a, /* turn the hover effect off if the mouse is over a part of the figcaption that doesn’t contain a link */
figcaption a,
figcaption a:visited {
	position: relative;
	z-index: 10;
	color: #000;
	text-decoration: none;
	padding-right: 16px;
}

figure:hover figcaption:hover a + .magnify-icon, /* turn the hover effect off if the mouse is over a part of the figcaption that doesn’t contain a link */
figcaption a + .magnify-icon,
figcaption a:visited + .magnify-icon {
	position: relative;
	z-index: 1;
	height: 11px;
	height: 1.1rem;
	width: 11px;
	width: 1.1rem;
	fill: #000;
	margin-left: -11px;
	margin-left: -1.1rem;
	transition: fill 0.3s;
	-webkit-transition: fill 0.3s;
	}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none) {
	figcaption a,
	figcaption:visited { transition-property: none } /* IE10+ doesn't support transitions on SVG */
 }

figure:hover figcaption:hover a:hover, /* hover when mouse is over bit of figcaption that does contain a link */
figure:hover figcaption a, /* add hover effect when mouse is over any part of the figure element */
figcaption a:hover {
	color: #f00;
}

figure:hover figcaption:hover a:hover + .magnify-icon, /* hover when mouse is over bit of figcaption that does contain a link */
figure:hover figcaption a + .magnify-icon, /* add hover effect when mouse is over any part of the figure element */
figcaption a:hover + .magnify-icon {
	fill: #f00;
}


figure img {
	width: 100%;
}


/* =================
    MOBILE: Blog
   ============== */

.posts {
	margin: 0 0 -2em 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.posts li {
	margin: 0 0 4em 0;
	padding: 0;
	list-style-type: none;
}


.posts li p {
	margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}

.blog article {
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

.blog article h1 {
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

.blog article .date {
	margin-bottom: 3em;
}

.blog article h2 {
	font-family: 'Exo Slab Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 400;
	letter-spacing: 0.01em;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	line-height: 1;
	margin: 2.5em 0 0.66em;
}

.posts h2 a:link,
.pagination a:link,
.post-nav a:link,
.continue a:link {
	color: #000;
	text-decoration: none;
    background: none;
}

.pagination li,
.post-nav li,
.continue {
	font-weight: 700;
}

/* need :visited due to IE8 not applying :link styles to :visited links */
.lt-ie10 .posts h2 a:link,
.lt-ie9 .posts h2 a:link,
.lt-ie10 .posts h2 a:visited,
.lt-ie9 .posts h2 a:visited,
.lt-ie10 .pagination a:link,
.lt-ie9 .pagination a:link,
.lt-ie10 .pagination a:visited,
.lt-ie9 .pagination a:visited,
.lt-ie10 .continue a:link,
.lt-ie9 .continue a:link,
.lt-ie10 .continue a:visited,
.lt-ie9 .continue a:visited {
	text-decoration: none;
}

.posts h2 a:visited,
.pagination a:visited,
.post-nav a:visited,
.continue a:visited {
	color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.posts h2 a:hover,
.pagination a:hover,
.post-nav a:hover,
.continue a:hover {
	color: #f00;
}

.blog .credit {
	font-style: italic;
}

.pagination, .post-nav {
	position: static;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	width: 100%;
	display: block;
	text-align: center;
}

.pagination ul, .post nav ul {
	padding: 0;
}
.pagination li, 
.post-nav li {
	display: inline;
	color: rgb(150,0,0);
}

.pagination li:before {
	content: "• ";
	font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Arial, 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, sans-serif;
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 24px;
	font-size: 2.4rem;
	line-height: 0.5;
	vertical-align: -1px	;
	vertical-align: -0.1rem;
	margin: 0 0.5em;
	color: #f00;
}

.pagination li:first-child:before {
	content: "";
	display: none;
	margin: 0;
}

.post-nav ul { /* for prev/next nav in posts */
	display: table;
	margin: 4em 0 0;
	padding: 0;
	width: 100%;
	}

.post-nav li {
	display: table-cell;
	margin: 0;
	vertical-align: top;
	line-height: 1.2; /* tighten the leading or 2nd line of wrapped post titles lose cohesion */
	}

.post-nav .blog-home {
	padding: 0 1em;
	white-space: nowrap;
	}

.post-nav .next,
.post-nav .previous {
	padding: 0;
	width: 40%; /* ensures prev & next are the same width */
	text-align: left;
	}

.post-nav .next {
	text-align: right;
}


.post-nav .next a,
.post-nav .previous a  {
	padding: 0 0.9em 0 0; /* space for arrow */
	display: inline-block; /* keeps text from wrapping under the arrow */
	text-align: right;
	}

.post-nav .previous a {
	padding: 0 0 0 0.9em; /* space for arrow */
	text-align: left;
	}

.post-nav .next a:link:before,
.post-nav .next a:visited:before {
	float: right; /* float so it doesn’t interrupt text flow */
	margin-right: -0.9em; /* pull arrow away from text */
}

.post-nav .previous a:link:before,
.post-nav .previous a:visited:before {
	float: left; /* float so it doesn’t interrupt text flow */
	margin-left: -0.9em; /* pull arrow away from text */
}

.previous a:link:before,
.previous a:visited:before,
.next a:link:after,
.next a:visited:after,
.post-nav .next a:link:before,
.post-nav .next a:visited:before,
.blog-home a:link:before,
.blog-home a:visited:before {
	content:  "↑ "; /* space to keep away from content text */
	font-family:'Source Sans Pro Arrows';
	font-weight: 700;
	color: rgb(0,0,0);
	transition: color 0.3s;
	-webkit-transition: color 0.3s;
}

.previous a:link:before,
.previous a:visited:before {
	content:"← ";
}

.next a:link:after,
.next a:visited:after,
.post-nav .next a:link:before,
.post-nav .next a:visited:before {
	content: " →";
}

.post-nav .next a:link:after,
.post-nav .next a:visited:after {
	content: "";
}

.previous a:visited:before,
.post-nav .next a:visited:before,
.next a:visited:after,
.blog-home a:visited:before  {
	color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.previous a:hover:before,
.post-nav .next a:hover:before,
.next a:hover:after,
.blog-home a:hover:before {
	color: rgb(255,0,0);
}

.series {
	position: static;
	margin: 0;
	width: auto;
	display: block;
}

.series h2 {
	margin: 0;
	font-size: 14px;
	font-size: 1.4rem;
	font-weight: 400;
}

.series ul {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	line-height: 1;
}

.series li {
	position: relative;
	margin: 0.5em 0;
}

.series a:link,
.series a:visited {
	background: none;
	font-weight: 700;
	color: #000;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.series a:visited {
	color: rgb(136,136,136);
}

.series .active:link,
.series .active:visited {
	color: #000;
}

.series a:hover {
	color: #000;
}

.lt-ie9 .series a:link,
.lt-ie9 .series a:visited,
.lt-ie10 .series a:link,
.lt-ie10 .series a:visited {
	text-decoration: none;
}
/* styles for .series bullets are with the .cv article ul li styles */


/* =================
    MOBILE: code
   ============== */

.nt,
.p-Indicator {
	color: rgb(192,0,0);
}

.p-Indicator {
	font-weight: 700;
}



/* ====================
    ABSOLUTE TOP NAV
   ==================== */

@media only screen and (min-width: 31.75em) {

/* ==========================
    ABSOLUTE TOP NAV: header
   ======================= */

    header {
    	position: absolute;
    	top: 3em;
    	left: 8%;
    	z-index: 20; /* keep above nav */
    }
    
    header p {
    	float: left;
    	margin: 0;
    }
    
    header ul {
    	/* margin-right: 0.2em; account for word spacing in H1, which pushes out right edge of element */
		margin-left: 0.5em; /* keeps Email from running into designer when fonts don’t load */
	 	text-align: right; 
	}

	
/* ========================
    ABSOLUTE TOP NAV: Menu
   ====================== */

	.main-nav {
		display: block;
		position: absolute; /* makes element shrinkwrap, so no width necessary & fits when font doesn’t load */
		top: 3.4em;
		right: 8%; /* account for the body margin */
		margin-top: 0.0625em;
		left: 8%; /* account for body margin when body too narrow to fit all nav options w/no wrapping; harmless otherwise */
		padding: 0;
		width: auto;
		z-index: 10; /* keep below header */
	}
	
	.main-nav ul {
		display: block;
		float: right;
		padding: 0;
		margin: 0;
	    border: 0 none;
	}

	.main-nav li { 
		display: inline-block;
		margin: 0 0 0 1.75em;
	}
	
	.main-nav .subnav {
		display: block;
		clear: both;
		margin: 2.5em 0 0 0;
		border-bottom: none;
		font-size: 16px;
		font-size: 1.6rem;
		width: 100%;
		line-height: 1;
		text-align: center;
	}
	.main-nav .subnav li {
		float: none;
		display: inline-block;
		width: auto;
		padding: 0 0 0 0;
		margin: 0 0.5em 0.75em 0.5em;
		min-width: 7.5em;
		white-space: nowrap;
	}

	@media only screen and (min-width: 39.7em) {
		.main-nav .subnav li {
			white-space: nowrap; /* keep subnav links from wrapping once there’s enough screen space to display them all */
		}
	}

/* =========================
    ABSOLUTE TOP NAV: Main
   ====================== */

	article, 
	main {
		margin-top: 8.5em;
	}
	
/*	.portfolio main, */
	.portfolio article {
		margin-top: 10.5em;
	}

	
	figure {
		margin: 3em 0;
	}

	footer {
		margin-top: 0;
	}



/* =========================
    ABSOLUTE TOP NAV: Blog
   ====================== */
	.pagination {
		margin: 0 0 -2em 0;
	}
	
	article+.pagination, nav+.pagination {
		margin-top: 3em;
	}


/* =========================
    ABSOLUTE TOP NAV: Home
   ====================== */

	.home { 
		position: relative;
		min-height: 18em;
		height: 100%;
		padding: 0;
	}

	.home>header,
	.home>p,
	.home>footer {
		position: absolute;
		top: 50%;
		right: auto;
		left: 50%;
		padding: 0;
		margin-left: -10.0625em; 
	}

	.home>p,
	.home>footer {
		margin-top: 0.25em;
		width: 20.125em; /* approximate the width of the header; actual width 19.82 but line breaks are nicer here */
	}

	.home>header {
		margin-top: -5em;
	}
	
	.home>header h1 {
		font-size: 40px;
		font-size: 4.0rem;
		white-space: nowrap;
	}

	.home>header p, .home>header li {
		font-size: 30px;
		font-size: 3.0rem;
	}

	.home>header li:first-child:after {
		font-size: 36px;
		font-size: 3.6rem;
	}

	.home>footer {
		top: auto;
		bottom: 0;
		margin-top: 0;
	}
}
/* =================
    SHORT SCREEN
   ================*/
	@media only screen and (min-width: 30em) and ( max-height: 36em ) {

		header {
			top: 1.5em;
		}

		.main-nav {
			top: 1.9em;
		}
		
		article, main {
			margin-top: 7em;
		}

		.home>header,
		.home>p,
		.home>footer  {
			left: 50%;
		}
		.home>header {
			margin-top: -2.5em; /* could be -4 but need extra space for fallback fonts */
		}
		.home>p,
		.home>footer {
			margin-top: 2.75em;
		}
	}

/* =================
    2-COL PORTFOLIO
   ================*/

@media only screen and ( min-width: 32em ) {

	.portfolio main li {
		margin: 0 0 4em 0;
		padding: 0 2em 0 0;
		width: 50%;
		float: left;
		clear: both;
		-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
		box-sizing: border-box;
	}
	.portfolio main li:nth-child(even) {
		float: right;
		padding: 0 0 0 2em;
		clear: none	;
		
	}
	.portfolio main a img {
		width: 100%;
	}
}

/* =================
    CENTRED BODY
   ================*/

@media only screen and (min-width: 48em) {

	body {
		position: relative; /* positioning context to keep menu & nav centred with body content */
		max-width: 40.02em; /* Opera needs to be nudged not to break the first line of the portfolio home early */
		margin: 0 auto;
		padding: 2em 0;
	}

	html,
	.home { 
		height: 100%; /* vertical centring context for name, etc. on home page */
		box-sizing: border-box; /* need to include padding in body height to avoid scrollbars */
	}

	header {
		left: 0;
	}
	
	.main-nav {
		right: 0;
		left: 0;
	}

}

/* ================
    FIXED TOP NAV
   ============== */

@media only screen and (min-width: 61em) {

	body {
		padding-left: 11em; /* space for the fixed nav */
		padding-top: 4em;
	}

/* lighter font weight for bigger screens */

	body,
	section h2,
	.main-nav a.download:link,
	.main-nav a.download:visited,
	.portfolio main>p,
	.series h2 {
		font-weight: 300;
	    letter-spacing: 0.01em; /* tiny bit of letterspacing for light fonts */
	}

	body nav {
		letter-spacing: 0; /* remove letterspacing for heavier fonts */
	}

	.blog article h2,
	article section h1,
	.posts h2, 
	.portfolio main h2 {
		font-weight: 200;
    	letter-spacing: 0.01em;
	}

	article>h1,
	.portfolio main h1 {
		font-weight: 200;
    	letter-spacing: 0.01em;
	}

	.continue,
	.continue,
	.post-nav li,
	.paginatin li,
	strong,
	section h1,
	figcaption,
	figcaption a:link,
	.series a:link,
	.series .active:link,
	.series .active:visited {
		font-weight: 600;
		letter-spacing: 0;
	}
	
	code,
	samp,
	kbd,
	var,
	pre {
		font-weight: 400;
		letter-spacing: 0;
	}

	strong code,
	strong samp,
	strong kbd,
	strong var,
	strong pre,
	code strong,
	samp strong,
	kbd strong,
	var strong,
	pre strong,
	.p-Indicator {
		font-weight: 700;
		letter-spacing: 0;
	}
 
 
/* ========================
    FIXED TOP NAV: Header
   ====================== */

	header {
		top: 3.7em;
		right: 0;
		left: auto;
	}


/* ========================
    FIXED TOP NAV: Menu
   ====================== */

    .main-nav, .home .main-nav {
    	position: fixed;
    	top: 4em;
		left: 50%;
		width: 8em; /* prevent UL/LI from stretching the width of the page */
		margin-left: -25.5em; /* 0.5 of body width (40em) and space for nav (8em) and 4em margin before body */
    }

	.main-nav ul { 
		float: none;
	}

	.main-nav li {
		display: block;
		float: none;
		white-space: nowrap;
		margin: 0 0 1em 0;
	}
	
	.main-nav a:after {
		display: none;
	}

	.main-nav .subnav {
		display: block;
		float: none;
		margin: -0.25em 0 0 0;
		width: auto;
		text-align: left;
	}

	.main-nav .subnav li {
		display: block;
		margin: 0 0 0.75em 0;
		padding: 0;
	}

	.main-nav a.download,
	.main-nav a.download:visited {
		color: rgb(0,0,0);
		margin-left: 1em;
	}
	
	.main-nav a.download:before,
	.main-nav a.download:visited:before,
	.main-nav a.download:hover:before {
		content: "|";
		display: inline;
		position: relative;
		font-size: 8px;
		font-size: 0.8rem;
		font-weight: 300;
		left: -18px;
		left: -1.8rem;
		top: -1px;
		top: -0.1rem;
		margin: 0;
		color: rgb(136,136,136);
	}

	.main-nav a.download:hover {
		color: rgb(255,0,0);
	}

	.main-nav a.download + .download-icon,
	.main-nav a.download:visited + .download-icon {
		fill: rgb(136,136,136);
	}

/* ========================
    FIXED TOP NAV: Main
   ====================== */

	.portfolio main,
	.cv article,
	.blog main {
		margin-top: 7.1em;
	}

	.portfolio article, 
	.blog article {
		margin-top: 5.8em;
	}

	footer {
		margin-top: 1em;
	}	
}


/* ============================
    FIXED TOP NAV FIXED HEADER
   ========================= */

@media only screen and (min-width: 76em) {

	body {
		padding-right: 15em; /* space for fixed header */
	}

/* ====================================
    FIXED TOP NAV FIXED HEADER: Header
   ================================= */

    header {
        position: fixed;
		right: 50%;
		margin-right: -33em;
        top: 3.7em;
    }


/* ==================================
    FIXED TOP FIXED HEADER NAV: Menu
   =============================== */

    .main-nav, .home .main-nav {
 		left: 50%;
 		margin-left: -33em; /* 0.5 of body (40em), space for nav (8em) and 4em margin, and space for header (12em) and 4em margin */
        top: 4em;
    }



/* ==================================
    FIXED TOP FIXED HEADER NAV: Main
   =============================== */

	.portfolio article,
	.blog article { /* portfolio items & blog posts */
		margin-top: 4em;
	}

	.portfolio main,
	.cv article,
	.blog main { /* portfolio & blog home, CV; compensates for large margins on H1s */
		/* margin-top: -0.2em; */
		margin-top: 5.4em;
	}


	.portfolio article h1,
	.blog article h1 {
		margin-top: 0em; /* portfolio items & blog posts */
	}
	
	.portfolio main ul {
		margin-top: 3.8em; /* portfolio home */
	}

}


/* ==========================================================================
   Helper classes
   ========================================================================== */

.hidden {
    display: none !important;
    visibility: hidden;
}

.visuallyhidden {
    border: 0;
    clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
    height: 1px;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0;
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
}

.visuallyhidden.focusable:active,
.visuallyhidden.focusable:focus {
    clip: auto;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0;
    overflow: visible;
    position: static;
    width: auto;
}

.invisible {
    visibility: hidden;
}

.clearfix:before,
.clearfix:after {
    content: " ";
    display: table;
}

.clearfix:after {
    clear: both;
}

.clearfix {
    *zoom: 1;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Print styles
   ========================================================================== */

@media print {
    * {
        background: transparent !important;
        color: #000 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        text-shadow: none !important;
    }

    a,
    a:visited {
        text-decoration: underline;
    }

    a[href]:after {
        content: " (" attr(href) ")";
    }

    abbr[header]:after {
        content: " (" attr(header) ")";
    }

    .ir a:after,
    a[href^="javascript:"]:after,
    a[href^="#"]:after {
        content: "";
    }

    pre,
    blockquote {
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }

    thead {
        display: table-header-group;
    }

    tr,
    img {
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }

    img {
        max-width: 100% !important;
    }

    @page {
        margin: 0.5cm;
    }

    p,
    h2,
    h3 {
        orphans: 3;
        widows: 3;
    }

    h2,
    h3 {
        page-break-after: avoid;
    }
}